piggyboyz said:
Can someone tell me why u can have same size caliper for front and rear in UUC setup ???
Uner normal braking, u going to end up locking the rear a lot earlier right ??
I don see any other tuner doing that ?
I missing something ? :thinking: :thinking:
Yo bro... not really. In order to demonstrate the concept of proper brake balance, it is usually simpler to analyze a car’s handling characteristics and then apply those principles back to the braking system.
In theory what everyone is looking for is that all-too-elusive handling balance which makes the car corner as fast as it possibly can. Generally speaking, this is referred to as the ‘neutral’ car and takes the driver directly to victory circle following the race. Rarely do we ever hear of a winning driver explaining that the car was a handling nightmare. kekeke...
Of course, no car is ever perfect, so there are ways of expressing how far from optimal the handling balance really is. When a car enters a corner and the front end skids off into oblivion, this is called understeer – the car is turning less than the driver intends. On the other hand, if the rear end breaks free and begins to lead the car through the corner this is called oversteer – now the car is turning more than the driver intends.
In both cases, when one end of the car breaks traction, or begins to slide, the driver can pretty much bet on the fact that he (or she) has found the maximum cornering speed for that particular corner. Yes, there are a million other factors at play which can govern the handling relationship, but the longer each end of the car can “hold on”, the higher the cornering speeds. Conversely, if one end or the other consistently breaks traction early in the cornering event, corner speeds will suffer dramatically.
Naturally, as speeds continue to increase something has to eventually give and slide; however, the very best suspensions do a great job of ensuring that both ends of the car break traction at relatively the same time. How far one end breaks traction in advance of the other is ultimately a function of driver preference (this is just one reason why there is no single “perfect” set-up), but if there are complaints of heavy understeer or terminal oversteer you can rest assured that one end of the car is three steps farther ahead than the other.
So, let’s look at how this information can be used to understand our braking system.
Stopping distance is everything and every single foot (32cm) counts. In a race track, outbraking your opponent by just two feet every lap for a twenty lap race can result in a three to four car lengths advantage at the checkered flag.
As braking force is continuously increased, one end of the car must eventually break traction. If the front wheels lock up and turn into little piles of molten rubber first we say that the car is “front biased”, as the front tires are the limiting factor for deceleration. In the not-so-desirable situation where the rear tires are the first to lock we say that the car is “rear biased”. In either case, however, one end of the car has given up before the other, limiting the ultimate deceleration capability of the car.
Just like the car that pushes its way through corners all day long, a car which is heavily front biased will be slow and frustrating, but relatively easy and relax to drive. On the other hand, a car which is severely rear biased will be a scary, twitchy ride resulting in a bad case of the white-knuckle syndrome. Imagine your co-pilot pulling up the handbrake in the middle of every corner, and you begin to get the idea. While a rush to drive at speed, it will be horribly slow on the stopwatch.
The car with perfectly balanced brake bias will, however, be the last one to hit the brakes going down the back straight. By distributing the braking forces so that all four tires are simultaneously generating their maximum deceleration, stopping distance will be minimized and our hero will quickly find his way to victory lane. Just like neutral handling, balanced brake bias is the ticket to lower lap times.
All that said, once the braking system has achieved its perfect balance, it is still up to the tires to generate the braking forces. It’s still the tires that are stopping the car, but a poorly designed braking system can lengthen stopping distances significantly, expensive sticky tires or not.
So why is brake biasing necessary?
The maximum braking force that a particular tire can generate is theoretically equal to the coefficient of friction of the tire-road interface multiplied by the amount of weight being supported by that corner of the car. For example, a tire supporting 1 ton of vehicle weight with a peak tire-road coefficient of 0.8 (a typical street tire value) could generate, in theory, 800kg of braking force. Throw in a good race tire with a peak coefficient of 1.5, and the maximum rises to 1.5 ton of braking force. More braking force means higher deceleration.
On the other hand, if the race tire was now only supporting 600kg, the maximum force would drop from 1.5 ton of braking force to 900kg of braking force – a reduction of 40%.
Since the amount of braking force generated by the tire is directionally proportional to the torque generated by the calipers, pads, and rotors, you could also say that reducing the weight on the tire reduces the maximum brake torque sustainable by that corner before lock-up occurs. In the example above, if assumed 7KN of brake torque is required to lock up a wheel supporting 1 ton, then only 4.2KN (a 40% reduction) would be required to lock up a wheel supporting 600kg of vehicle weight.
At first glance, one could surmarise that in order to achieve perfect brake bias you could just:
1. Weigh the four corners of the car
2. Design the front and rear brake components to deliver torque in the same ratio as the front-to-rear weight distribution
In other words, for a rear-wheel-drive race car with 50/50 front/rear weight distribution it would appear that the front and rear brakes would need to generate the same amount of torque.
At the same time, it would look like a production-based front-wheel-drive car with a 60/40 front/rear weight distribution would need front brakes with 50% more output (torque capability) than the rears because of the extra weight being supported by the nose of the car.
Designing a braking system to these static conditions would neglect the second most important factor in the brake bias equation – the effect of dynamic weight transfer during braking. Weight throw which unsettles the balance of the car. Again there's a calculation for this, but lets skipped cause got F=MA formula, etc...
Most cars, however, have brakes at the rear that are smaller than the front. There are a lot of reasons for doing this, and one of them is to help provide the correct brake bias. Also, most cars have a proportioning valve which limits the amount of brake pressure seen at the rear calipers.
Perfect brake bias is obtained when the front-to-rear balance of the brake system exactly matches the front-to-rear weight balance of the vehicle.
Every car has a “sweet spot” for brake bias which will generate the shortest stopping distances possible. Typically, the car manufacturers design their cars to be 5% to 10% more front-biased than optimum for maximum deceleration, but they provide enhanced brake stability in return. Not a bad trade-off for the public at large, and not necessarily a bad place for a race car in the heat of battle either.
knn... super long post....