Shaun, sent you a PM.
Actually, most cars run a little less rich nowadays to meet stricter emission standards. The mixtures are run in closed loop to ensure that under normal operating conditions the car goes about its business. In the case of poor maintenance (owner never change oil, filters, poor fuel.....), the ECU will look after the car by altering operating parameters and usually this means retaring ignition and increasing fueling. Thus to err in the side of caution, manufacturers tune cars to run at a ration of 13.8 -14.2 at WOT at closed loop. Thus after the CAT, one can expect a reading of around 14.3-14.7.
If I is tuning the car for economy, then the ratios can be kept as such. But in the interest of greatest power, a ratio of 12.7 will the greatest oomph. The balance lies with what you, the owner, want. At the molecule level, 14.7 parts of air to 1 part of fuel yields complete combustion and super emission standards. The problem with this is that it is impossible to get every molecule of fuel to be exposed for the combustion. With an aftermarket ECU, the tuner, with a suitably equipped car, can change the WOT combustion ratios as well as keep the ratios lean enough for cruising. The trick about tuning is that you can optimise the car for fuels that we get here as well as lean out any rich areas in the rev range. With advances in ignition timings bringing about greater power (at the cost of costilier petrol), one can actually extract out more power than stock.
If the car goes through the same driving profile then the economy of the car is increased by virtue that the driver can back off the throttle sooner and lesser throttle inputs are required to get the car moving.
Most of the time the power is addictive and the driver just drives harder and this gives the poorer mileage. :twisted:
You can make the engine slightly more efficient by tuning to reduce the "just in case" parameters and optimise it for the fuels. Most importantly, if there are any hard core mods, the piggyback ECU can top up those important short fall areas and optimise the setup.
Thanks for reading....