Re: Best semi-slick?
marklee;626130 said:
Hi Shaun, can elaborate more on why overstiff setups will hurt grip in longer stints?
Nearly without exception, the increase in a tire's lateral load capacity (cornering ability) diminishes with increased vertical load. This is called tire load sensitivity. The exceptions to this rule are very rare and not an intentional result. Usually it is light cars with very wide tires of a sub optimal compound for those specs, ends up to where a higher CG or increase in total weight can be without penalty, or even increase performance slightly. This is called negative load sensitivity This 0.00X% exception can be ignored. It is essentially unheard of at typical road car weights and tire sizes (even sportscars), especially in this climate. When we refer to load below, it will refer to load from acceleration of mass. Aero load is ignored for simplicity and also because road cars just don't have appreciable amounts of it.
So in our context, it is better to have a lower constant load of say 300 kgf , then have load oscillate at 5 Hz evenly between 150 kgf and 450 kgf and still average 300 kgf over time. The oscillation causes a loss in average grip because the gain in lateral grip for how much vertical load we have, at time spent below 300 kgf, is smaller than the loss in the time spent above 300 kgf. In real rig tests, a race tire at working temperature, being steered at 3 degrees and being oscillated at 10 Hz at 3 mm amplitude on a sinusoidal wave, can lose 28% of it's lateral force (vs as recorded at constant load, no oscillation). 28% is a huge loss and you can imagine its effects on laptime.
So once a tire is up to nominal working temperature, load fluctuation hurts grip. The suspension spring and the tire, are basically 2 springs in series. The more you stiffen one up, the higher the peak forces the other will experience. Damping valving will modify the loads further, but that's a very long and separate post. Suffice to say, how you minimize load fluctuation (and therefore grip loss) at the tire contact patch, is to run the softest suspension that the driver can tolerate (response lag). The only other soft limits are suspension kinematics being poor at larger suspension sweeps or in a specific range, and body to ground and/or tire to body clearance. In an aero car you will have to consider aero effects of larger body movements too, but that's not applicable in our context.
In cold climates and in very short sprint races there is less negative effect from running stiffer. The higher forces imparted to the tire help get its temperature up more quickly and within a very short duration run this is exactly what may be needed. In the cold, and in the short term, any loss in grip from the oscillations can be more than offset by the rubber getting up to nominal working temperature quicker, and if the driver needs a lot of feel from the car and to make more corrections on the spot as he drives his laps, the net result can be faster laps. Putting energy into the tire can be done with higher spring rates, higher spring preload, aggressive alignment that deflects and/or scrubs the tire, or the driver intentionally loading and/or scrubbing the tire.
Once you change to our local context with this hot, sunny climate, with high power, overweight cars, undersize tires, on a big track where brakes are often overheated and heating the rim and tire, with enthusiast drivers who are usually too rough with the car, running for durations much longer than a short sprint - it is clear that there is nothing to gain from stiff suspension unless running into earlier mentioned soft limits. But those soft limits will be beyond what stock suspension is, so run the stock stuff, learn how to handle a soft car, and you'll be better off in the longer term as a driver. Once that is burned in brain, you'll never forget it even when you move to stiffer cars in the future (stiff relative to stock road cars, but soft (and superior) on the scale of that new class of car).
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Simon, if you're reading about TLLTD you must be reading quite a bit heheh. That's great! TLLTD has more to do with car balance in steady state or near steady state portions of turns though, and less to do with why on a sorted car with good suspension design stiff suspension hurts grip. It's true though that a stiff ARB will load the outside tire at that end more. Same for stiff springs, or stiff damping, etc. Good stuff mate.
Has your Carl Lopez book arrived? I took a quick look at your data and if you read the book your ordered, where you can improve should be obvious right away - of course you have to learn to use the software properly first and lay out everything so you're forming an accurate picture you can compare to concepts in the book. You're still in the zone where you can drop 2 - 3 seconds in time and still end up taking no extra risk or even take a little less risk doing so. Those types of zero tradeoff changes can only come from line correction and are the lowest hanging fruit. I don't want to spoon feed you since it's bad for both of us, but show proof that you've put in a few hours of your own really working out the basics (the info is all over the net in the very obvious places), and where you're stuck - and I'll definitely help you with the more advanced stuff that can't be found elsewhere, not even textbooks.
The basics are namely:
- set and save an accurate lap marker that's used as a constant for all future laps
- create a track map on google earth, and if it is not on google earth, or obscured by clouds, create one by driving the track boundary
- learn to overlay laps accurately especially on the map. Learn how to compromise for gps drift accurately so you can make accurate positional comparisons
- know significance of time / distance axis and what it really means to see cursors ahead or behind in either mode
- know importance of true positional comparison
- learn how to do a proper and clean acceleration comparison over a speed or distance range
- use average, min, max of defined sectors properly
- define sectors properly (3 ways for 3 different purposes) and understand why
These basics will let you test nearly any driving concept, and quantify tradeoffs. From these tests you will be able to filter out all the rubbish talkers (~95% of enthusiasts, ~50% of 'pros', ~3% or less of real pros), and anchor yourself in the ones that speak truth.
I've had guys look for free guidance, free analysis without so much as putting in just 5 hours of their own time and acting like they're trying. But it's too obvious that they're not and I stop bothering.